* Cellular Structure: Choline is vital for building and maintaining cell structure, acting as a phospholipid component in lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) and sphingomyelin.
* Methyl Group Donor: Choline serves as a crucial methyl group donor, essential for the synthesis of methionine from homocysteine and creatine from guanidinoacetic acid.
* Poultry Perosis Prevention: Choline deficiency can lead to perosis in poultry, characterized by:
- Joint complications in the tibia and foot.
- Eventual bending and displacement of the tibia.
- Inability to bear weight and Achilles tendon dislocation.
Note: Perosis can also result from other nutrient deficiencies.
* Laying Hen Production: In laying hens, choline deficiency results in:
- Decreased egg production.
- Increased liver fat accumulation.